Ample data exists about the high precision of three-dimensional (3D) scanning devices and their data acquisition of the facial\r\nsurface. However, a question remains regarding which facial landmarks are reliable if identified in 3D images taken under clinical\r\ncircumstances. Sources of error to be addressed could be technical, user dependent, or patient respectively anatomy related. Based\r\non clinical 3D photos taken with the 3dMDface system, the intra observer repeatability of 27 facial landmarks in six cleft lip\r\n(CL) infants and one non-CL infant was evaluated based on a total of over 1,100 measurements. Data acquisition was sometimes\r\nchallenging but successful in all patients. The mean error was 0.86 mm, with a range of 0.39mm (Exocanthion) to 2.21mm (soft\r\ngonion). Typically, landmarks provided a small mean error but still showed quite a high variance in measurements, for example,\r\nexocanthion from 0.04mm to 0.93 mm. Vice versa, relatively imprecise landmarks still provide accurate data regarding specific\r\nspatial planes. Onemust be aware of the fact that the degree of precision is dependent on landmarks and spatial planes in question.\r\nIn clinical investigations, the degree of reliability for landmarks evaluated should be taken into account. Additional reliability can\r\nbe achieved via multiple measuring.
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